Friday, January 4, 2019

Black Crypt: Playing it Straight

Putting on the Mask of True Sight allows me to see this disgusting foe.
           
It occurred to me recently that the two great loves of my life--jazz and CRPGs--have something in common. They both draw from a variety of templates, and the real joy in a performance is seeing how a particular band or artist has chosen to improvise on the template. (I should clarify that this is true of the type of jazz I like, anyway. It's less true of free jazz and other avant-garde styles whose appeal has always mystified me.) A new composition is always nice, of course, but it requires a depth of engagement and attention that you're not always ready to give. In contrast, you almost never mind hearing a familiar composition played in a new way.
           
That makes it all the more disappointing when you sit down for a performance and don't find anything new at all--a copy rather than an improvisation. No jazz fan wants to hear a number played entirely "straight," and no CRPG addict wants to start, say, a Dungeon Master clone just to find a literal clone. And that's largely what we have here. In its best moments, Black Crypt recalls good times playing Dungeon Master, but it offers too few variances to those moments.
             
The game has occasional moments like this to remind you of the plot, but they're few and far between.

             
I'm less than halfway through the game, and it thus might improve, but so far all Black Crypt has done is to make Dungeon Master a lot bigger; as I noted last time, it has 28 levels. I rather hoped that with so many levels, and with so much space devoted to each level (the coordinates go up to 40 x 40), Black Crypt might achieve a nonlinearity that previous games in this lineage have lacked. I thought we might see multiple ways up and down--a true three-dimensional maze rather than a steady progression of levels. Well, the game absolutely does have multiple staircases per level, but you still reach them in a somewhat fixed order. At any given moment, you rarely have more than two choices for your next move, and one of those will almost certainly resolve into a dead end.
         
I had also hoped that Black Crypt might do more with its story. As I noted last time, many of the mechanics owe more to Eye of the Beholder than to Dungeon Master, and I thus hoped the game might introduce some NPCs or in-game story development the way that Beholder did. Alas, there's been none of that so far. And I'm disappointed that the game didn't fix many of my other complaints about previous Dungeon Master-like titles, including a lack of enemy names and a lack of information on equipment.
            
The Bracers of Agility will, at least, reflect their influence in the character attributes.
            
What's left is not an unpleasant experience, just a highly-derivative one. Fortunately, it's been a while since the last Dungeon Master clone, so at least I didn't start this game exhausted with the entire sub-genre, the way I currently am with Ultima clones.

In this last session, I explored Levels 3-9 of the dungeon. I should perhaps say "partially explored," because there's a lot of unused space on each level, and it's entirely possible that some teleporter or staircase will later bring me to those unused parts. I doubt it however, mostly because the game occasionally makes a big show of loading when you transition between levels. It did this between Levels 2 and 3, between Levels 5 and 6, and between Levels 9 and 10. (In contrast, the game barely blips when you take a staircase between, say, Levels 7 and 8.) I think we can therefore regard each level "group" as a separate section of the dungeon. Indeed, as I explored Levels 3-5 and 6-9, there was a lot of interconnectedness between levels in a group--but only a single staircase between the major "group" transitions.
            
Level 3 had a "skull" theme going on.
             
Within each group, the specific level order was nonlinear (in the sense that progression didn't go in the specific order of levels; it was still a very narrow path). For instance, I couldn't explore most of Level 3 until I had a Mask of True Sight, which let me see the invisible enemies on that level. The mask was found on Level 4, but I had to make some diversions to Level 5 along the way. Among the next group, I spent only a small amount of time on Level 6 before a teleporter took me to Level 9. After a long time mapping that level, I finally went back up to Level 7, which had a lot of stairways up and down to Level 8. This interconnectedness within level groups extends to the game's puzzles. Pressing a button on Level 8 might open a wall on Level 7.
              
Regrettably, there has been nothing thematic to all of these levels. Again, I think to the Eye of the Beholder series, where you had the dwarf and Drow levels in the first game, and the clear distinction between the living quarters and basement in the second. Here, we don't even have much variation in texture--just the occasional use of a different color, as if the level was shot through a red filter or something. As a consequence, even a day after playing the majority of this session, I have to refer to my maps for reminders about the specific order in which I did things.
          
You really have to carefully study the walls for buttons.
         
If there's one thing that the game does a little better than Dungeon Master, it's perhaps greater variety in its puzzles (some true Dungeon Master fans may dispute that this is an improvement). There have been a lot of switches, buttons, and pressure plates, but none of them very complex--you just activate them, and something happens. The more memorable puzzles have involved a bit more creativity. Some examples include:
           
  • A long north-south hallway of 12 squares with alternating east-west alcoves. Each alcove contained a skull. Nearby messages remarked, "A year of death counted in souls. One for each moon, four is your goal," and "February, April, July, October." It was clear that I had to regard each square in the hallway as representing a month, and to remove the skulls for the alcoves that represented February, April, July, and October. Choosing a wrong skull meant activating a trap. The order of months turned out not to go in a linear manner along the hall, but rather up one side and then down the other.
  • Several magic mouths that required me to answer a question based on other messages found in the dungeon. For instance, Levels 6-9 had repeated messages about an archdruid named Oakraven (one of the four heroes from the backstory), who is buried below in a coffin of Whiteoak. Both words were answers to magic mouth riddles.
               
Getting some lore . . .

. . . and using it to answer a puzzle.
            
  • On Level 4, I had to collect water from four symmetrically-placed fountains and then put those waterskins into special alcoves on Level 5. The hardest part of this mission was differentiating the "special" waterskins from the other waterskins in my possession.
  • Two areas where a message said "HTCIWS" and presented me with two alcoves with different objects within them. I had to reverse the positions of the objects in the alcoves. This was harder than you might think, because the word "switch" made me think of wall switches and not "swapping" the items.
             
Solving puzzles can have a variety of effects. Locked doors might open, hidden doors might reveal themselves, wall spaces might open up, pillars might disappear, and new switches and buttons might appear on previously-blank walls. I've found that in this game, it really makes sense to map everything before touching anything, then search for the type of secret door that you can bump into, and finally try the switches and buttons, carefully noting the changes to the environment.
             
A lot of the game's puzzles involve removing pillars like this.
         
Let's talk about combat. Level 3's invisible enemies, when I wore the Mask of True Sight, turned out to be these giant grubs with teeth and claws. They're capable of inflicting poison, but fortunately there are a lot of anti-poison scrolls and potions on the level. Level 6 introduced these single-eyed things that appear to shuffle along the ceiling. Levels 8 and 9 had floating, metallic, horned heads as well as shape-changing slimes. 
             
This guy reminds me of something that I can't place.
The spellcasting version of this monster was very tough.
           
Of some annoyance is the fact that enemies in this game vary even among the same type. Some of the grubs moved faster, hit harder, had more hit points than the others. Some of the one-eyed ceiling creatures and floating heads are capable of offensive spells and some are not. These variances make it hard to find a consistent strategy.
               
One strategy that doesn't work very well is the old combat waltz. It can technically be done, and I've used it a few times to weaken a couple of enemies prior to the main onslaught, but rarely can I keep it up for the duration of an entire combat. Enemies are simply faster here than in most Dungeon Master derivations. They move faster and, more important, they turn faster. You don't have the same kind of pause between an enemy arriving in a square, turning to face you, and attacking. You really have to be prepared to fight head-on with weapons and spells. Occasionally, it's possible to enact some of the other "guerrilla" maneuvers possible with this combat engine, including "stair-scumming." Enemies that walk on the ceiling cannot pass through door frames, which offers some hit-and-run opportunities.
            
All told, though, combat is a less frequent experience with Black Crypt than with most games of this ilk. Sometimes half an hour passes without a single enemy. Character leveling is also a bit under-emphasized. My characters are all Level 7 currently, but that doesn't mean much more than more hit points. Spells are learned by finding books, not leveling (although level does affect spell power). There are a few pressure plates that cause enemies to spawn, in case I ever feel like I need to grind.

Miscellaneous notes:
          
  • A lot of the mechanical puzzles are about lowering pillars that otherwise block hallways. This is slightly original, although when you think about it, there's little difference between a pillar and a door.
  • Wow has the clicking-on-the-portrait-instead-of-the-weapon thing been a problem. I screw it up almost every time I'm fighting a new combat for the first time in, say, five minutes or more.
  • Another interface annoyance: the function keys are in a non-obvious order. F1 and F2 activate the upper-left and upper-right characters, which makes sense. But F3 activates the lower-right and F4 activates the lower-left. There's a logic by which this makes sense, I guess, but it's still a bit unintuitive.
  • When a character dies, in addition to all his equipment, he drops a "death gem." You need the gem to later perform a resurrection on him. The dungeon is strewn with the death gems of previous adventurers. The manual makes a point of saying that you can't resurrect the owners of these gems, but I wonder if there's any reason to collect them anyway. I have been, just in case.
           
A death gem next to a note from the adventurer who left it.
         
  • The thieves from Level 3 (discussed last time) did end up dropping the stolen items when I finally tracked them down and killed them.
  • The party frequently comes across glyphs (which activate traps when stepped on) and corridors blocked by force fields. These are removed with the "Remove Glyph" and "Dispel Magic" spells, accordingly, but sometimes the character level isn't high enough to cast strong enough spells. In those cases, you have to find scrolls with the same spells, with the scrolls encoded at a higher level.
            
My regular "Remove Glyph" didn't work here, but this scroll, encoded at the 15th level, will have no problem.
            
  • The game is effective in its use of sound. Every enemy has an attack sound and a separate movement sound. The movement sounds help you determine how close an enemy is, and it can be freaky when you hear it unprepared.
  • There was a large area of dark squares on Level 9. Dark squares are brightened with the "Light" spell, but the spell has a very short duration.
  • The cleric's "Create Food" spell and the frequent appearance of fountains makes food, water, and rest less of a problem than they could otherwise be. It still annoys me that characters start taking damage from hunger and thirst when the meter has plenty of room to go. My general practice is that every time I find a fountain, I first rest to restore my fatigue meter, then cast "Create Food" and give everyone a meal, then drink water until I can't drink anymore. These occasional interludes generally keep the party happy.
  • Level sizes have been extremely variable. Levels 3, 4, and 9 all used between 300 and 600 squares, but Level 8 only used 56 squares, and Level 5 only used 29. 
            
Level 8 was kind of like the unfinished basement of Level 7. Maybe more of these squares will get used later.
         
Black Crypt gives slightly more equipment feedback than its cousins, although not much more. I'm carrying a long sword +1, a "Hopeblade," an "Ogre Blade," and a blade called "Frost Razer," and I can't tell you which is the best among them, or by how much. However, there are little squares beneath each character portrait that provide some feedback on any magical effects an equipped item is conferring, such as fire resistance, cold resistance, magic shield, and water breathing. But these don't seem to tell the full story. For instance, my fighter has a helm called "Mage Bane" which has to have some anti-magic effects or some effects against mages, right? Not in any way that you can tell from looking at it or wearing it.
           
Arriving on Level 10. This game is really fond of one-eyed things.
          
As I close, I've just arrived on Level 10 and have encountered a bunch of little one-eyed spiders. There's still a lot of room for the game to introduce some plot and non-linearity, and I really hope it takes advantage of these options before the end. 

Time so far: 9 hours
            
*****
             
I haven't made zero progress with The Seventh Link, but there hasn't been enough to blog about. It's an extremely frustrating game. Simple math explains much of the reason: to explore the opening castle fully, I need about 1,200 gold pieces in keys. I might earn an average of 15 gold pieces per random combat. It takes me roughly 7 minutes to find and fight each combat, which I only have a 50% chance of winning, so we're looking at (1200/15) * (7/0.5) / 60 = 18.67 hours before I can even explore the castle, not including the money I need to replenish all the food I waste in the meantime, nor all the time it takes me to trek to the fountain under the castle to replenish spell points. I found a dungeon, but it turns out that exploring it at my level is not an option. I don't even know how to level up. The documentation suggests I ought to be able to do it at the mage's guild, but there doesn't seem to be any option there.
            
Hopefully, I'll get over a hump eventually and the entire game won't be like this, but overall Link needed to be more generous with its resources. Any game needs at least one generous resource to make progress manageable. If there was no need for food, for instance, or if chests respawned in dungeons (the way they do in the Ultima series), or enemies carried more gold, any of these options would loosen the formula a bit and allow some progress.
              
My mage and his new thief companion approach a dungeon door.
           
I did manage to find a second NPC to join the party, so perhaps things will move along a bit faster now. Otherwise, I'll probably have to add a third game to the rotation.



36 comments:

  1. It's the mediocre, slow-placed, rehash of cliched and tired mechanics that make blogging about the same type of game hard to get into. You're handling it better than I have.

    I wonder if a fighter character would have an easier start in The Seventh Link.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Or if maybe an Ogre eats more food than a smaller character race.

      Delete
    2. I've made a fighter, they do okay. The main issue is the lack of random spawn and opportunities to grind. Without that your character will just slowly starve to death.

      Delete
  2. Maybe it doesn't translate into riveting gameplay, but I like the idea of enemies being tough but relatively sparse. Your line about suddenly being surprised by the sound of a nearby enemy, presumably after it had been quiet for a while, sounded like the successful result of impactful encounter design. I remember being regularly spooked by Dungeon Master because of that level of atmosphere.

    It is irritating that they followed Dungeon Master's reticence when it came to divulging weapon/armor info. They squandered a prime opportunity to improve upon the template rather than just copy it.

    ReplyDelete
  3. I agree that more info on items would have been nice. I like that the monsters are mostly unnamed, though - they are weird mutants created by evil wizards, so why would they have official names?

    ReplyDelete
  4. I haven't felt that I could contribute any meaningful comments lately, but I'll just use this one to say that I'm still enjoying reading every single one of these posts as much as ever. It doesn't matter wether it's about a well-known gem or an obscure (and all too often rightfully forgotten) independent title, as I know almost none of these games from personal experience. But, as people have noted in the past, I'm convinced you, Chet, could write about literally any subject, even those I'd personally consider the least interesting possible, and still make it entertaining. The fact that you write about CRPGs instead is only the icing on top. So, thank you sincerely for everything so far, and here's to many more years to come. May there ever be enough good games in between the chaff to keep you motivated.

    Another, unrelated thing (except that you mentioned Jazz in this posting): To you or anyone else reading this, I'd like to recommend listening to the fantastic Postmodern Jukebox. I really have no idea how well-known they are, and it may well be that anyone interested in Jazz and Swing has come across them a long time ago and any advertisement is entirely unnecessary. But just in case, I wanted to mention them, as I've been enjoying their music so much lately (and for many years). They offer interpretations of popular music in various vintage styles, with an emphasis on Jazz, and I can wholeheartedly recommend the vast majority of their extensive work.
    As an example, try https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVXziMFEqX0
    which has been on my mind on and off for weeks now. Other personal favorites include Maps, Love Fool, Crazy and Sugar, We're Going Down.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. That's very kind of you, Atantuo. I appreciate the feedback. My wife is a big fan of Postmodern Jukebox.

      Delete
  5. The floating metallic horned head that you can't place - is that reminding you of Sinistar?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Or maybe a traditional oni mask?

      Delete
    2. The floating head from Time Bandits, maybe?

      Delete
    3. I was thinking maybe Destro from GI Joe, or -- a bit of a stretch -- Doctor Doom.

      It also looks a bit like a metallic version of Zanbar Bone from the City of Thieves gamebook, and I believe there was a computer adaptation, but I would be surprised if that's what the Addict is remembering.

      Delete
    4. Mister Sinister from the X-Men -- and Hordak from She-Ra -- also came to mind, but I doubt they're touchstones for the Addict.

      Sinistar (the arcade game) seems pretty on the nose to me.

      Delete
    5. I don't know about Doctor Doom specifically, but now that you mention it, it does look like an emblem I might have seen on the cover of a comic book.

      Delete
    6. There is also some resemblence to the Guardian as seen in the Ultima 8 intro. Not a huge resemblence, but it does strike a similar chord.

      Delete
  6. Sounds like the function keys map to characters in clockwise order, starting from the upper left?

    ReplyDelete
  7. Don't worry, you'll see plenty of games that innovate on the DM formula in various ways in 1992: Abandoned Places, Ishar, The Summoning, Legacy and maybe some others that I haven't played.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yes, the are some dungeon crawlers from the first half of nineties that tried to innovate the formula, but with dubious succes. Ishar I and II had vast outdoor areas with beautiful graphic and some adventure elements, but from a gameplay perspective DM is better. Ishars are maybe closer to Might and Magic than to DM. I didn´t play Abandoned Places, so I can´t comment on them. Anwil of Dawn and Stonekeep were interesting, but somehow too clumsy for me - after playing Lands of Lore 1. Lands of Lore is simplistic in terms of RPG elements and too linear and easy. But oh man, its overall presentation is so slick... Lands of Lore is super easy to get into, and when I started playing it was like I am really transported smoothly into a fantasy tale. Everything worked perfectly, it was really polished...

      Delete
    2. I had the opposite experience - I loved Anvil of Dawn, but found LoL rather uninspired. I mean, it sure looks pretty but the gameplay gets stale very fast. IMO, Virgin just never got what makes for good DM-style level design, neither in EoB, nor in LoL.

      Delete
    3. Now that I've seen enough of Black Crypt I can claim for certain that DM and CSB have the best level design, difficulty curve and gameplay of all dungeon crawlers. Sadly, this includes DM2 and Stonekeep, both of them turning out to be disappointing after a really long development time. And that is why every dungeon crawler will always be compared to DM. ;-)

      The "new" riddles in Black Crypt are surely interesting, but unlike the DM riddles, they are outside the game engine and rather task the player's knowledge. Other than the riddle room, DM and CSB only had engine riddles. I think those not-engine riddles add another level of flair and help connecting story and game.

      I liked Lands of Lore a lot, it's easy to get into, interesting to follow the story and has some well designed places, but when you enter an actual dungeon in the end, it really lacks and you are happy to be done with it. It's very different from DM since it isn't the game itself which motivates you to go on, but rather the story.

      Delete
    4. I remember Anvil of Dawn as an extremely monotonous slog, similarly to the developers' previous AD&D games - Menzoberanzen and The Stone Prophet. Lands of Lore (developed by Westwood, not Virgin) was indeed very polished and had that Westwood charm evident in games such as Legend of Kyrandia and others. It also had many plot related special encounters to make the going more rewarding. If you want a relatively innovative DM progeny, try Fall of the Dungeon Guardians. It is built for tactical face-to-face combat instead of the old step and strike dance.

      Delete
    5. Yes, I confused the publisher with the developer. Lands of Lore to me were essentially the 90s equivalent of a modern cinematic RPG, Bioware-style. And like those modern games it's mostly carried by its presentation - fancy graphics and engaging story, with gameplay being a bit of an afterthought. You basically go from one story encounter/cutscene to another in a very linear fashion, mowing through trash mobs on your way.
      Anvil of Dawn was the opposite of that. It had a semi-open world, punctuated by adventure-style puzzles, some of them quite hard - not unlike Wizardry 7, just real-time and on a smaller scale. But Event Horizon/Dreamforge had also a much better grasp of how to use the DM-style switch/plate/pit/teleporter arsenal of puzzle elements. It does seem to be a divisive title though.

      Delete
    6. A big mark against Anvil of Dawn and Stonekeep is that they're single-character games. The Dungeon Master style of first-person RPG is already a somewhat awkward middle ground between Wizardry and the fully-3D realtime action-RPGs that later became common. When party creation and mechanics are eliminated, they feel roundly inferior to the likes of Ultima Underworld, which is especially lazy when it's going on four years later.

      Delete
    7. Well, that's a bit of a historical retconning. Going by the press, AoD wasn't received as outdated, even winning a couple of GOTY awards. It makes sense also - while 3D engines were a thing by then, they still weren't capable of producing crisp fullscreen graphics. For Dreamforge, who had already tried continuous 3D with Ravenloft, going back to grid was a calculated decision.
      From a modern perspective, I would also argue that grid-based movement offers a smoother experience than the clunkiness of early 3D.

      Delete
    8. "From a modern perspective, I would also argue that grid-based movement offers a smoother experience than the clunkiness of early 3D." 100% agreed. 3D had to happen, but its earliest attempts were bound to be worse than the most polished tile-based games, much in the way that a black and white film from the 1940s looks better, aesthetically, than a color film from the 1950s.

      Delete
    9. Wizard of Oz still looks fantastic, though.

      You have to remember, Stonekeep generated a lot of hype for its graphics back then despite its grid based movement. It got some awards, too, and was mostly critizised for its gameplay.

      Delete
    10. Looking around current reviews of Anvil of Dawn, every single one of them calls it dated. Same for Stonekeep. I mean Stonekeep was the original vaporware game and a running gag for a long time before release. Admittedly Dungeon Master 2 had a similar fate.

      The appreciation for pixel graphics is IMHO completely in retrospective,simply because they don't age as bad as 3D graphics do. More correctly one should probably say that the stylized look that is required for hand drawn graphics doesn't age compared to the bad attempts of realism by early 3D.

      Delete
    11. Links, please. None of the ones I can cursory find mention anything about datedness:
      https://web.archive.org/web/19961018124140/http://www.pcgamesmag.com:80/games/Feb96/anvil296.html
      http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/issues/cgw_139.pdf (pages 107-111)
      https://web.archive.org/web/19961221183543/http://www.nuke.com:80/cgr/reviews/9601/anvil/anvil.htm
      https://web.archive.org/web/19991112030350/http://www.pcgamer.com/reviews/1295.html
      https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/anvil-of-dawn-review/1900-2554704/

      Delete
  8. Those spider enemies look like a cross between a Gohma from Zelda 1 and a Beholder.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Hey Chet, did you know that you can right-click the portraits to use the secondary feature of some of the weapons? They have a finite amount of charges though.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Argh. No, I missed that. Just finished another 9-hour session with the game, too. Thanks for letting me know.

      Delete
  10. A hint sheet for The Seventh Link says, re: gaining levels, that "To increase your level, you must gain over 200 experience points per level, then find and transact a guild."

    Looks like it's the T key?

    ReplyDelete
  11. "This guy reminds me of something that I can't place."

    To me the whole image looks like the Supreme Being from Time Bandits:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Cfumd0JPBw

    ReplyDelete
  12. Nobody's counting, but Black Crypt's my favourite from the Dungeon Master clones, I think. I appreciate that it doesn't get broken open by waltzing, somehow the whole game feels very solid and sturdy. which, I guess, is something that can be said about a lot of Raven software.


    I recently slogged through Anvil of Dawn. Oh my god how boring the dungeon maps are.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It was a good one for sure.

      I'm really kind of surprised how *few* of them there seem to have been while watching Chester play through them, as apposed to my memories of the time. I seem to remember there being like, a huge glut of DM clones throughout the nineties, scores and scores of blobbers. Oh, treacherous memory...

      Delete
  13. I love Black Crypt too, it has this quality of keeping on your toes making you feel claustrophobic, but still pulling you to finish it, that other games of the genre of the time did not have for me.

    Probably it's about the monsters being not too many and the logic of the mazes being not too much obscure.

    But I always felt it was a bit clunky in some aspects, like its inventory and party management.

    ReplyDelete

I welcome all comments about the material in this blog, and I generally do not censor them. However, please follow these rules:

1. Do not link to any commercial entities, including Kickstarter campaigns, unless they're directly relevant to the material in the associated blog posting. (For instance, that GOG is selling the particular game I'm playing is relevant; that Steam is having a sale this week on other games is not.) This also includes user names that link to advertising.

2. Please avoid profanity and vulgar language. I don't want my blog flagged by too many filters. I will delete comments containing profanity on a case-by-case basis.

3. NO ANONYMOUS COMMENTS. It makes it impossible to tell who's who in a thread. If you don't want to log in to Google to comment, either a) choose the "Name/URL" option, pick a name for yourself, and just leave the URL blank, or b) sign your anonymous comment with a preferred user name in the text of the comment itself.

4. I appreciate if you use ROT13 for explicit spoilers for the current game and upcoming games. Please at least mention "ROT13" in the comment so we don't get a lot of replies saying "what is that gibberish?"

5. Comments on my blog are not a place for slurs against any race, sex, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, or mental or physical disability. I will delete these on a case-by-case basis depending on my interpretation of what constitutes a "slur."

Blogger has a way of "eating" comments, so I highly recommend that you copy your words to the clipboard before submitting, just in case.

I read all comments, no matter how old the entry. So do many of my subscribers. Reader comments on "old" games continue to supplement our understanding of them. As such, all comment threads on this blog are live and active unless I specifically turn them off. There is no such thing as "necro-posting" on this blog, and thus no need to use that term.

I will delete any comments that simply point out typos. If you want to use the commenting system to alert me to them, great, I appreciate it, but there's no reason to leave such comments preserved for posterity.

I'm sorry for any difficulty commenting. I turn moderation on and off and "word verification" on and off frequently depending on the volume of spam I'm receiving. I only use either when spam gets out of control, so I appreciate your patience with both moderation tools.